Computer Programmer

An IT career professional, computer programmers typically hold a bachelor's degree and in some cases also a graduate degree. Computer programmers write, test, and maintain the detailed instructions, called programs, that computers must follow to perform their functions.

They also conceive, design, and test logical structures for solving problems by computer. Many technical innovations in programming-advanced computing technologies and sophisticated new languages and programming tools-have redefined the role of a programmer and elevated much of the programming work done today.

Job titles and descriptions may vary, depending on the organization. In this occupational statement, computer programmer refers to individuals whose main job function is programming; this group has a wide range of responsibilities and educational backgrounds.

Computer Programmers and Interactive Media Developers Computer write, modify, integrate and test computer code for microcomputer and mainframe software applications, data processing applications, operating systems-level software and communications software. Interactive media developers write, modify, integrate and test computer code for internet applications, computer-based training software, computer games, film, video and other interactive media. They are employed in computer software development firms, information technology consulting firms and in information technology units throughout the private and public sectors.

Computer programmers are typically the ones performing some, any or all following duties:

• Write, modify, integrate and test software code
• Maintain existing computer programs by making modifications as required
• Identify and communicate technical problems, processes and solutions
• Prepare reports, manuals and other documentation on the status, operation and maintenance of software
• Assist in the collection and documentation of user's requirements
• Assist in the development of logical and physical specifications
• Research and evaluate a variety of software products.
• Interactive media developers perform some or all of the following duties:
• Program animation software to predefined specifications for interactive CDs, DVDs, video game cartridges and internet- based applications
• Program special effects software for film and video applications
• Write, modify, integrate and test software code for e-commerce and other internet applications
• Assist in the collection and documentation of user's requirements
• Assist in the development of logical and physical specifications
• Research and evaluate a variety of interactive media software products.

Employment requirements include a bachelor's degree in computer science or in another discipline with a significant programming component or completion of a college program in computer science is usually required. Specialization in programming for engineering and scientific applications requires specific post-secondary study or experience. Progression to information systems analyst, software engineer or web designer is possible with experience.

Employment is expected to grow much more slowly than that of other computer specialists. Prospects should be best for college graduates with knowledge of a variety of programming languages and tools; those with less formal education or its equivalent in work experience should face strong competition for programming jobs. Jobs for both systems and applications programmers should be most plentiful in data processing service firms, software houses, and computer consulting businesses. These types of establishments are part of computer systems design and related services and software publishers, which are projected to be among the fastest growing industries in the economy over the 2002-12 period.

As organizations attempt to control costs and keep up with changing technology, they will need programmers to assist in conversions to new computer languages and systems. In addition, numerous job openings will result from the need to replace programmers who leave the labor force or transfer to other occupations such as manager or systems analyst.

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